by Tommy H. Thomason

Wednesday, April 18, 2012

Grumman XF4F-2

4 May Update: I revised the top-view wing-tip shape and added the wing gun ammo doors based on a relook at the wind tunnel photos. I'm not convinced that I got the wing-tip shape correct.
25 April Update: Reduced the chord on the ailerons on the top view
25 April Update: Revised side and top views and added side view.
24 April Update: Revised side view and added top view.
19 April Update: Added annotated side-view pictures of the early and late configurations.

Grumman initially lost the competition with Brewster for production of the Navy's first monoplane fighter. However, the Navy continued to fund development of the F4F and then ordered it into production as well. For a bit more, see http://thanlont.blogspot.com/2011/12/grumman-comes-from-behind-to-win.html

Jack Alvrus wrote an excellent conversion article on the XF4F-2 and -3 that appeared in the IPMS Quarterly Volume 4, Number 4. It detailed configuration differences with the production F4F, including several of the changes that were made in flight test. However, the side-view and planform drawings are not accurate in my opinion. The Lloyd Jones multi-view drawing also appears to be suspect as Rick Koehnen discovered when he compared it to published dimensions. However, there is a pencil sketch, almost certainly by a Grumman engineer, that compares the XF4F-2, F4F-3, and an early layout for what was to become the F6F. It is incomplete and contains one major and at least one minor discrepancy, but it provides the foundation for a pretty good drawing of the XF4F-2 configuration.

The major discrepancy is the location of the wing tip. The XF4F-2 had a wingspan of 34 feet; the production F4Fs, 38 feet. The -2 wing tip is clearly located too far outboard on the drawing. I’m not sure where Jones went wrong on his side view.

Dana Bell's F4F monograph is now available (see http://www.cybermodeler.com/hobby/ref/cw/book_cw_f4f.shtml). He said that it doesn't include much on the XF4F-2 but kindly provided me with high resolution side views of the early and late XF4F-2 configurations, which I have annotated to show the changes made between November 1937 and March 1938.

 
Two subtle difference are the open canopy side brace that was added, probably to minimize canopy buffeting when it was open, and the change to a single exhaust stack located directly in front of the landing gear attach-points fairing, apparently to reduce drag. The gun barrels were also shortened significantly.

As you can see, there were a number of changes made during flight test and it would be easy to mix them up. Note also that the backside of the propeller blades on the March 1938 version has the extended blue section to reduce glare. It also doesn't have the gun sight installed for some reason.

The following side and top views of the final configuration are based on the engineering sketch and the photos. Noting that the aft tip of the -2 fuselage appears to end a bit sooner than that of the production Wildcats, I came up with a drawing that has an overall length, including the spinner shown, of 26’ 5”, which matches the published dimension.

Note that the drawings do not include the wing guns or the bomb shackles. In any event, the details shown are approximately sized, shaped, and located since they were added by reference to photographs.

For excellent pictures of this particular configuration, see http://crgis.ndc.nasa.gov/historic/643_Test_92_-_XF4F-2. Note that some represent a configuration that was for drag evaluation in the wind tunnel only, such as the removal of the cooling air scoop under the inboard port wing and the addition of a fairing over the main landing gear wheel well.

Another difference between the prototype and production Wildcats was the shape of the sides of the turtleback. The prototype's was definitely concave and the aft edge of the canopy curved to match.
This was changed to be mostly straight in production. Its likely that manufacturing cost trumped any aerodynamic benefit that the concave shape might provided. It certainly simplified the canopy construction and that of the life-raft access doors that were added for production (the original concept was that the raft be stored in a large tube behind the pilots headrest).

Another potential point of confusion with the XF4F-2 configuration is that after its initial Navy trials were substantially completed, it was crash landed following an engine failure.

Grumman rebuilt it with a more powerful engine, extended wings, and new vertical fin/rudder and horizontal tail. Although it retained the -2s Bureau Number, it was redesignated XF4F-3 in recognition of the engine change.
For more on the production F4Fs (and a few photographs of details applicable to the XF4F-2), I can't recommend Dana Bell's latest monograph too highly. It includes large photographs, many previously unpublished, on quality paper illustrating the differences and details among the various production aircraft, including the one-off seaplane, as well as illustrations of the major color schemes and markings.

 I bought mine from Sprue Brothers, http://store.spruebrothers.com/classic-publications-aircraft-pictorial-f4f-wildcat-ap004-p30800.aspx

Wednesday, March 28, 2012

Modelers' Guide to the Sabre & Fury

Jay Sherlock has produced a companion volume to his AD Skyraider book published by Aero Research.

See http://www.aeroresearchcds.com/book_shelf.htm for price and ordering information.

As you might expect, the bulk of the monograph is devoted to the various versions of the Sabre, including the Canadian and Australian-built ones. Reviews of many of the F-86 kits are provided along with a listing of decals and aftermarket parts. One very useful section is devoted to a primer on Sabre/Fury wings.

At least a couple of pages are devoted to each of the Fury types, listing both the recommended kit in each scale and the numerous changes required to create one from an F-86  kit. There are few illustrations, however, and an occasional error or omission. For example, the XFJ-2 windscreen was not the same as the F-86's. (I also think that the bulges under the wingtips of the XFJ-2 contained cameras to photograph the landing gear and tailhook, not flotation bags.) The FJ-2 inlet was slightly but notably different from the F-86's and the increase in depth of the FJ-3's inlet was in addition to the FJ-2 change. The FJ-3 was originally equipped with the barrier guard on the belly but it was subsequently deleted. The change to add external stiffening to the elevators isn't mentioned. The FJ-4 options list states that the vertical fin of the prototypes was 11 inches shorter than the prototypes (which I wasn't aware of) but not that 18 inches was clipped from each side of horizontal tail. As a result, the information and drawings provided here: http://tailspintopics.blogspot.com/2009/10/fj-fury.html and here:  http://tailspintopics.blogspot.com/2011/04/fj23-fury-redux.html  will still be of use to the modeler, as will the Ginter Naval Fighters monograph for the type being modeled.

I am pleased to report that were a few revelations. For example, I had noted that the guns were removed from some FJ-4Bs and vents added to the aft end of the panel covering the gun bay but didn't know why.

Jay states that the cannons on the left side were removed on some aircraft to allow installation of a back-up electrical generator. Joe Baugher provided details in his excellent series of posts on U.S. Navy airplanes: "During service, some FJ-4Bs had the port pair of 20-mm cannon removed so that a standby generator system could be installed. This standby generator provided power backup in case the main generator failed--without the backup it was nearly impossible to fly at night or under instrument conditions for more than a few minutes with only battery power. At the same time, the standard ejection seat was replaced by a Martin-Baker seat that provided the ability to eject safely at much lower altitudes"

With respect to the cannon deletion, Dave Collier noted in an email: "In the period that I worked on FJ-4Bs (1962-64) our squadron had several aircraft with only two cannon. We were told the mod was part of the Bullpup installation but the backup generator  installation seems to make more sense since you see lots of photos of A/C carrying Bullpups with the port guns installed."
 
Dave also provided the following observation: "In photos of FJ-4Bs late in their service life you will find aircraft with bare metal in the area of the cannon blast tube panel. Paint was removed from this area after panels came apart during firing runs. The bare metal was consider necessary to help detect small panel cracks before severe damage was done. While stripping the panels I found that most had at least five coats of paint."




Wednesday, March 21, 2012

F4D Skyray 1/48 Decals

Photo via Tailhook Association

Furball is about to release 1/48 decals for several different F4D aircraft. See my updated blog on the F4D for details: http://tailspintopics.blogspot.com/2010/10/bat-out-of-hell.html

Wednesday, February 8, 2012

F3H Demon Decals - 1/48


 Furball has just released a set of 1/48 decals for various colorful F3H-2s and 2Ms. For a summary description and review, click HERE.

For my summary of the XF3H, F3H-1, and F3H-2 configurations, click HERE.

Late Model F-14 Configurations



I can't do any better than this excellent illustrated synopsis by Brian "Oompa" Marbrey: http://www.britmodeller.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=234910566&hl

For my discussion of the unique F-14 main landing gear side brace, see: http://thanlont.blogspot.com/2012/01/carrier-based-airplanes-weigh-more.html

Tuesday, January 31, 2012

AD Skyraider Modeling Notes Redux

I've added some more information and illustrations on the nose flaps and the asymmetric fin to the AD Skyraider Modeling Notes here: http://tailspintopics.blogspot.com/2011/10/ad-skyraider-modeling-notes.html

Thursday, January 26, 2012

Nuclear Banshees Redux

Thanks to the Gerald Balzer collection as channeled by Mark Nankivil, I now have much better pictures of Mk 7 and Mk 8 nuclear weapons loaded on the F2H-3/4 Banshee. (Note that in the picture above, this -4 does not have the triangular fairing on the leading edge of the horizontal stabilizer that was added to cover an aft fuselage stiffening modification.) As a result, I've updated the Nuclear Banshee post here: http://tailspintopics.blogspot.com/2009/11/nuclear-banshees.html